• Grapevine powdery mildew

  canopy structure and fruit support Flower and cluster symptoms Infection of flowers and young clusters during flowering Poor fruit set and increased flower [...] flowers, and grape clusters, causing yield losses, reduced fruit quality, and increased risk of bunch rot. Powdery mildew thrives under warm and humid c [...] reduction in photosynthetic capacity, while shoots and flowers exhibit stunted growth and poor fruit set. During berry development, the pathogen colonizes

• Spotted Wing Drosophila

  cherries and grapes. Damage symptoms After oviposition, the respiration tubes extend from the fruit but are difficult to see. Larval feeding in the fruit leads [...] derived from. Females have a strong saw-like ovipositor that is used to penetrate the skin of the host fruit and for laying the egg into the fruit. Eggs [...] spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America and Europe where it has caused severe yield losses

• A dive into organic hop farming and biological crop protection

  the need for resilience and innovation in the face of change, acknowledging the importance of learning from both setbacks and triumphs in this evolving [...] organic farming and biological crop protection . This transition required Lukas to question traditional approaches, learn new techniques, and conduct numerous [...] Lukas emphasizes the important role of beneficial insects in their organic farming approach. By introducing predatory mites and other beneficial insects

• Onion

  mostly handled as an annual and harvested at the end of its first production season. Onions are popular and therefore cultivated and used for cooking all around [...] Allium cepa L.) , also referred to as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable. This particular species is the most extensively produced species of the

• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  symptoms. More and more plant species are discovered as hosts. Xylella fastidiosa is best known in grapevine, stone fruit (peach and plum) and citrus, where [...] dark-brown or necrosis. Fruits of infected trees are much smaller and their sugar content is higher. The early blossoming and fruit set in peach does not [...] normal and look stunted. Twigs and branches die and the foliage becomes thinner, but the trees don’t die of the disease. Olives: Scorch symptoms and desiccation

• Tomato leafminer

  Caterpillars prefer leaves and stems, but they may also occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself. On leaves, the larvae [...] malformations. Damage to fruit allows fungal diseases to enter, leading to rotting fruit before or after harvest. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer [...] occurs inside mines or fruits, the prepupae do not build cocoons. Pupae have a greenish coloration at first, and then turn chestnut and dark brown shortly

• Pumpkin, squash and gourd

  indigenous to the Andes region and Mesoamerica. Currently, five species are cultivated for their edible fruit and seeds. This fruit is alternately known as pumpkin [...] variety and local jargon. The fruits of the Cucurbita species are usually large and fleshy, but their size can vary substantially. Wild fruit species can [...] can be as small as 4 centimetres (1.6 inch) and some commercial specimens can weigh more than 300 kilograms (660 lbs).

• Cotton

  the seeds of the cotton plant, is soft and fluffy and is the source of the fibre which is spun into thread and woven into cloth worldwide. Cotton plants [...] (60-120 cm), and fairly heavy soils. These conditions can be found within the seasonally dry tropics and subtropics in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres [...] plants belong to the genus Gossypium and are part of the mallow family Malvaceae . Cultivation conditions for this important cash crop require plenty of sunshine

• Cotton bollworm

  specimens. The fruits stop growing, mature rapidly, and drop off. In legumes, flowers are attacked, and seed pods may be pierced. Life cycle and appearance [...] penetrate fruit through a small hole, often bored near the stalk. During development, the caterpillars damage most fruits by mining. All fruits can be damaged [...] sorghum, tomato, sweet corn, beans, soybeans, tobacco, sunflowers and various fruit crops. Among greenhouse crops, tomato is particularly affected. Damage

• Codling moth

  of apple and also occasionally of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae [...] as the tissue beneath is eaten away. Infested fruits usually ripen prematurely and drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Codling moth The adults have a [...] mm long, initially whitish and later pale pinkish white, with a brown head and a pale anal plate. The pupa is 8-10 mm long and yellowish brown to dark brown