• Aphids

  Biological control of aphids Aphids are among the most harmful pests in greenhouse and field crops, causing plant stress, virus transmission and yield loss. Effective aphid control is essential for ma

• Caterpillars

  Biological control of caterpillars Caterpillars are highly destructive pests that feed on leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding reduces photosyn

• Beetles

  Biological control of beetles Beetles can cause serious damage in many greenhouse and field crops by feeding on leaves, roots, or fruits, leading to reduced growth and yield loss. Effective beetle con

• Flies

  Biological control of flies Flies are a common pest problem in greenhouse and field crops, where they disturb plant growth, spread diseases and affect crop hygiene. Their larvae can damage roots and g

• Mealybugs and scales

  Biological control of mealybugs and scales Mealybugs and scale insects are persistent pests that feed on plant sap, weakening crops and producing honeydew that leads to sooty mould. Infestations reduc

• Spider mites and other mites

  Biological control of spider mites and other mites Spider mites and other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf discoloration, reduced pho

• Thrips

  Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 mm), with the largest species found in the tropics. In temperate regions they are not larger than 2.5 mm. All thrips species

• Green peach aphid

  General The green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is an important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia, where

• Oleander aphid

  to apterae in appearance except that they are smaller. Size ranges from 1.5 to 2.6 mm in length. Females are viviparous and parthenogenetic, meaning that

• Crane flies

  have 4 instars (larval stages) an reach 2.5 cm in length when fully grown. Pupae are greyish-brown, and 2.5 cm long. After adults emerge, part of the pupal