Black rot of carrots

species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several [...] radicina ) causes death of seedlings and dark brown lesions with a yellow halo on leaves, growing into crown rot. Infection of carrots during post-harvest storage [...] storage causes dry, sunken, black lesions. Typically, Alternaria causes spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and

Pomegranate bacterial blight

Development of water-soaked spots which turns to dark black colour oily appearance on leaves results in premature defoliation. The pathogen also infects branches [...] causing girdling and cracking symptoms. Necrotic water-soaked spots appearance on the fruits which turn to dark brown colour slightly raised with oily appearance

Pierce's disease of grapevine

desiccation of twigs and small branches occur on infected leaves. This usually starts in the upper part of the canopy on a few branches and then extends to the [...] young infected trees show dwarfing. Leaves and flowers appear early and remain on the plant longer, but fewer and smaller fruits are produced. In plums, the [...] certain branches. When the leaves mature, slightly raised gummy lesions occur on the underside of the leaves. These lesions start out in a light-brown colour

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

the plants may show signs of stunting and produce many adventitious roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is [...] temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades the plants through wounds or stomata [...] cutting knives and tools Control root rot nematodes as the wounds they make on roots help the bacteria to infect the crop Do not use cut potatoes for propagation

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the

Brown root rot, corky root rot

lesions. On older roots, the outer layers become swollen and corky and gradually break off. The corky areas often occur as horizontal bands on the roots [...] Disinfect nutrient solutions General: Choose resistant cultivars or graft on resistant rootstock Avoid frequent irrigation. Remove and destroy affected

A dive into organic hop farming and biological crop protection

contribute to more balanced and targeted pest management, with a specific focus on addressing issues like the red spider mite. The promising future of organic

Blight of pepper

crown rot in potted plants. The small roots die and brown-black lesions occur on the larger roots. Plants wilt and the crown leaves drop off. Life cycle and [...] germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia [...] germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and

Tomato leafminer

Gelechiidae . It is oligophagous, feeding mainly on Solanaceae species . The main host is tomato but it also feeds on other solanaceous crop plants including potato [...] the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself. On leaves, the larvae only feed on mesophyll tissues, leaving the epidermis intact. Fruits can [...] colouration on the dorsal surface. Caterpillars can temporarily be found outside the leaf mines or fruit. Pupation takes place in the soil or on the surface

Beet armyworm

insecticides, and its ability to develop on wild vegetation during the summer. It is highly polyphagous, feeding on plants of more than 20 families. It is [...] and a yellow band running the length of the body on either side, above which there is a black dot on each segment. The young caterpillars live in groups [...] is a serious pest in greenhouses, where it feeds on ornamental plants such as chrysanthemum, gerbera, roses and potted plants. In both the greenhouse and