Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

can survive as epiphytic bacteria on various plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from [...] also be found as secondary pathogen in plants that are infected by other pathogens. The bacteria that causes black leg in potato is a different subspecies [...] when plants wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the

Dwarf bunt

Additionally, plants only reach a fraction of their normal height. Spikes are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with [...] General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil without

Southern blight

first observed in tomato crops in Florida in 1892, and it has been regularly reported as causing rotting to the root and stem in tomato plants. Significant [...] resulting in the destruction of the cortex and the main root. As a consequence, leaves higher up in the plant start yellowing. Severely affected plants present [...] surface of the stem. In favourable conditions, the sclerotia can germinate in two forms, hyphal or eruptive, causing infection in the plants. The sclerotia can

Apple scab

infection of new plant parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new pseudothecia in leaves that have already fallen off the trees. In response [...] unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter and form ascospores [...] against stem canker, since they help in decomposing the infected leaves Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

Cercospora leaf spot

species of Cercospora species depending on the plant type infected. Infected seeds, infected plants and plant debris are primary source of infection. Secondary [...] disease and severity. The fungus has the ability to overwinter in plant debris and remains in the field for long time. Management Spray Veni GoKlean at the [...] coalesce. The spots dry up results in shot-hole appearance to the leaves. Severely infected leaves drop off prematurely results in reduced yield. Stem, petiole

Predatory mites

are similar to the adults in appearance, but smaller in size. Predatory mites are typically measuring only a millimeter in length. Their bodies are often [...] Predatory mites are beneficial arthropods used in pest control to manage and reduce populations of harmful pests in various agricultural and horticultural settings [...] to chemical pesticides. Koppert is the pioneer in the development of predatory mite solutions, starting in 1967 with the rearing of the predatory mite P

Integrated Pest Management

practices that deter pests from infesting in the first place. Monitoring Regular monitoring of pest populations helps in making informed decisions about control [...] conditions and new information. Integrated Pest Management in agriculture Integrated Pest Management in agriculture is crucial for sustainable farming. It reduces [...] approach is not just about eliminating pests; it's about achieving a balance in the ecosystem. The principles of IPM Prevention IPM focuses on prevention

Gummy stem blight

days after opening in areas suspected of disease (only feasible in high-wire crops) Pick and remove dead and diseased leaves Prevent plant diseases by optimizing [...] (Didymella bryoniae) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes gummy stem blight. Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella cucumis in cucumber causes brown lesions on [...] Remove all pots and plant parts from previous crop that may serve as inoculum source for the new crop prevent condensation on all plant parts at all times

Black root rot of cucurbits

away. Infection in the early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may [...] may kill the plants. In case of a less severe infection, the vines may wilt at a late stage of the crop, but when water supply is in any way limited during [...] during earlier periods of high evaporation, wilting may occur sooner. In wilted plants, the crown first gets a water-soaked appearance, turning light-brown

Apple collar rot

optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] leaves, dark brown, irregular lesions occur. In strawberry, the heart leaves wilt first, then the whole plant. Life cycle and appearance of Apple collar [...] germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal by wind