Two-spotted spider mite

to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents. The empty [...] become yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced [...] to loss of the crop. The nymphs and adults also produce webs, and plants can get completely covered with such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and

Phytoseiulus persimilis

to feed on spider mites. The quantity of prey consumed depends on the predator and prey populations, the sex and age of the predator, and the temperature [...] use Push the centre of the cap to open the dosage hole Sprinkle material on leaves or pour into Diboxes Make sure the material remains on the introduction [...] hole Hold sachets by the cardboard strip at the top, to avoid damaging the predatory mites The dosage of Spidex Vital Plus depends on climate, crop and pest

Asian citrus psyllid

through most of the southern states and Mexico however the state of Florida is the most affected area by the vectored disease. Damage symptoms The psyllid is [...] into plant tissue to feed. Adults feed on young stems and on leaves of all developmental stages. Nymphs feed on young leaves and stems, continuously secreting [...] mature. Worst damage is done when the insect is vector of the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that cause the fatal citrus disease called citrus

Flies

directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and tender [...] ly small flies of the families Sciaridae (sciarid flies) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting plant material [...] and are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila , Drosophila suzukii , has recently developed into a major pest on soft fruits in Europe and

Woolly apple aphid

occur during the summer months, also on new growth. Water shoots arising from the trunk or main branches, are very frequently attacked. The aphids mainly [...] aphid In contrast to other aphids , the life cycle and survival from year to year of the woolly aphid depends entirely on wingless, parthenogenetic and viviparous [...] females of the woolly aphid are 1.2-2.6 mm long, purplish brown and covered by masses of white, mealy wax. The siphunculi are pore-like and the cauda is

Crane flies

General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses [...] within one week and then feed on roots and crowns of grasses during the autumn.. Larvae overwinter in the soil, usually in the third instar stage. and start [...] again and feed voraciously when the soil begins to warm up in spring. The larvae pupate below the soil surface in summer. The pupal stage lasts about two weeks

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

and feed on mealybug nymphs and adults. Pupal stage: Larvae pupate in various places, on any convenient stalk or on the underside of leaves or on even greenhouse [...] beetle species preys primarily on mealybugs , including species such as the citrus mealybug and the long-tailed mealybug. The predatory beetle Cryptolaemus [...] for mealybug control The predatory beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is a species of beetle belonging to the family Coccinellidae. The beneficial insect is

Rose aphid

presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose aphid are 1.7-3.6 mm long and green or deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is dark [...] dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter [...] rose aphids retard the growth of buds and new shoots. Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew on which black sooty

Verticillium wilt

brown stripes occur on the stem. In tomato, sometimes V-shaped lesions are formed on the leaf, between the veins. 'Early dying' disease of potato only [...] vessels. The presence of both the fungus and the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt. Spores may be wind-dispersed [...] wind-dispersed to new hosts. In the senescent tissue, the resting mycelium or the microsclerotia are formed. The spread of the fungus by mycelium growth is limited

Whitefly

quantities. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result [...] belong to the order Hemiptera (true bugs ). Together with aphids and scale insects, they belong to the division Sternorrhyncha. The whiteflies form the family [...] particularly important in ornamentals . The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty moulds ( Cladosporium