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• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and tools. Until now, no bacteria have been isolated from crazy roots. This disease seems to be caused by a change [...] underground plant parts and on the crown. Furthermore, infection is characterized by excessive root growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow [...] appearance of Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall The primary source of infection by Rhizobium rhizogenes has not yet been defined. The assumption is that the

• Powdery mildew

  first ventilate by only opening the windows on the lee side. Please note, this is not relevant for other diseases that are inhibited by reducing the RH [...] General Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that is caused by many different species of fungi such as Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Oïdium, Leveillula. Damage [...] mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects the plant by entering through the stomata and there are more stomata on the underside of

• Charcoal rot

  Dispersal is almost solely by microsclerotia as opposed to by spores. Microsclerotia can be dispersed in soil particles by farm equipment, people, packing [...] most crops, necrotic lesions on the roots are the first symptoms, followed by wilting, dropping of leaves and collapse of the entire plant. Life cycle and [...] disease incidence. Within 24 hours the fungus infects the roots of the host by direct penetration via germ tubes. During the next two days, necrotic spots

• Verticillium wilt

  Prevent damage to the roots by controlling the nematodes, as damaged spots can be used as points of entry Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential [...] brown or greenish, but much less distinct than the discolouration caused by Fusarium . The root system usually stays mostly intact. In rose, branches [...] The fungus infects the roots of plants, directly or through wounds caused by for example nematodes. The fungus then grows into the vessels of the plant

• Apple scab

  become grey and fluffy. The lesions caused by ascospores are more restricted, whereas the lesions caused by conidia extend faster and may merge. Infected [...] harmed by for example application of compounds against stem canker, since they help in decomposing the infected leaves Prevent plant diseases by optimizing [...] produce corky rings around the lesions to prevent further invasion of tissue by the fungus. Late fruit infection only results in small dark lesions which

• Phytophthora blight

  protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground [...] fast drying and wound healing, by allowing air circulation Disinfect recirculating nutrient solutions Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential [...] through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s

• Gummy stem blight

  wounds and by the infected leaves through the petioles. Fruits are infected through the flowers. The newly produced ascospores are dispersed by air and the [...] symptom is internal fruit rot, which can only be recognized from the outside by the small narrowing of the tip of the mature fruits. The symptoms on stems [...] the conidiospores by water drops, tools and hands of workers. The ascospores are the main source of dispersal of disease upwards in the crop and the conidia

• Blight of pepper

  protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground [...] fast drying and wound healing, by allowing air circulation Disinfect recirculating nutrient solutions Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential [...] above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal

• Early blight

  petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms [...] spots then turn into dark brown angular lesions with a yellow halo restricted by leaf veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other symptoms are brown lesions on [...] Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Early