Blight of pepper

and fruit rot of peppers and other important commercial crops. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs [...] Plants wilt and the crown leaves drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Blight of pepper Phytophthora species are very destructive organisms belonging [...] rapidly when the water content of the soil or substrate is higher than normal or optimal for crop growth. How to prevent Blight of pepper Apply hygiene measures

Black leg of seedlings

symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings [...] irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil [...] conditions, especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate

Bacterial canker of tomato

only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves and subsequent expansion of the wilt upwards. Cutting the [...] and may merge. The leaves wilt and curl upwards, often starting at one side of the plant. They turn brown but don’t fall off. On stems and shoots light [...] on is round, hence the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary infection

Loose smut of wheat

appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat [...] to prevent Loose smut of wheat Use clean seed: Apply systemic fungicide treatment of seeds. Contact fungicides are not effective Apply heat treatment, [...] or loose smut of wheat. Damage symptoms Infection by Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici remains invisible until head emergence. The first sign of infection is

Loose smut of barley

emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. [...] cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next [...] to prevent Loose smut of barley Use clean seed: Apply systemic fungicide treatment of seeds. Contact fungicides are not effective Apply heat treatment,

Root rot of carrot

exhibit by necrotic leaf spots Life cycle and appearance of Root rot of carrots The fungus of R. carotae has delicate, simple morphological features hence [...] only host plant of the fungus. How to prevent root rot of carrot Studies have shown that 3several key factors influencing the occurrence of blemishes and [...] black spots over the entire surface of the carrot. These spots gradually change into larger dark brown to black lesions of various shapes. The lesions can

Black rot of carrots

appearance of Black rot of carrots Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary [...] crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, in the case of black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) up to 8 [...] primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot disease can spread to the flowers (especially

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding [...] extruding from the stomata. Life cycle and appearance of Downy mildew Pathogens causing downy mildew are not fungi but Oomycetes and related to Pythium [...] protruding from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. How to prevent Downey

Black root rot of cucurbits

Black root rot of cucurbits Test for the presence of Phomopsis sclerotioides with molecular tools before planting Use resistant rootstock of Cucurbita ficifolia [...] lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle the [...] disease is usually restricted to a few of the roots but in severe cases all roots may be infected. At the final stage of the disease, only vascular tissue remains

Root and crown rot of strawberry

clavispora in the case of root and crown rot (of strawberry), first found in The Netherlands, and Pestalotiopsis longisetula in the case of leaf spots, such [...] clavispora and Phytophthora cactorum . Life cycle and appearance of Root and crown rot of strawberry Not much is known about the life cycle. The fungus produces [...] such as leaf spot of strawberry and fruit rot reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is quite complex, so the taxonomy may change. Pestalotiopsis clavispora