• Bugs

  January 1, 1970

  damage Phytophagous bugs damage plants by puncturing leaves and growing points with their piercing-sucking mouthparts and extracting nutrients from them [...] and puncture holes. The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage and deformed growth as a result of toxic

• Avocado

  January 1, 1970

  ‘alligator pear’ is a tree originating in South Central Mexico. Its nick name points to its fruit which is botanically speaking a large berry with only one seed

• Grape mealy bug

  January 1, 1970

  bunches. Malformation of leaves and shoot tips due to infestation of growing points. Honey dew secretion of mealy bugs support sooty mould growth on infected

• Wheat bunt

  January 1, 1970

  that period. Soil moisture between field capacity and permanent wilting point is best for infection. How to prevent Wheat bunt Use resistant cultivars

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  January 1, 1970

  roots. The lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle

• Verticillium wilt

  January 1, 1970

  the roots by controlling the nematodes, as damaged spots can be used as points of entry Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop

• Codling moth

  January 1, 1970

  eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind brown frass. The entry point is then greatly enlarged as the tissue beneath is eaten away. Infested fruits

• Dwarf bunt

  January 1, 1970

  transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological point of view. The teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores

• Red palm weevil

  January 1, 1970

  weevils to lay eggs deeper into the tissue. Additionally, this provides entry points for microbial agents that can further destroy living tissue. Due to the

• Grapevine powdery mildew

  January 1, 1970

  which severely compromises fruit quality and serves as a primary entry point for secondary infections, such as Botrytis bunch rot. Leaf symptoms Pale