Bugs

damage Phytophagous bugs damage plants by puncturing leaves and growing points with their piercing-sucking mouthparts and extracting nutrients from them [...] and puncture holes. The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage and deformed growth as a result of toxic

Avocado

‘alligator pear’ is a tree originating in South Central Mexico. Its nick name points to its fruit which is botanically speaking a large berry with only one seed

Grape mealy bug

bunches. Malformation of leaves and shoot tips due to infestation of growing points. Honey dew secretion of mealy bugs support sooty mould growth on infected

Codling moth

eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind brown frass. The entry point is then greatly enlarged as the tissue beneath is eaten away. Infested fruits

Black root rot of cucurbits

roots. The lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle

Wheat bunt

that period. Soil moisture between field capacity and permanent wilting point is best for infection. How to prevent Wheat bunt Use resistant cultivars

Verticillium wilt

the roots by controlling the nematodes, as damaged spots can be used as points of entry Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop

Red palm weevil

weevils to lay eggs deeper into the tissue. Additionally, this provides entry points for microbial agents that can further destroy living tissue. Due to the

Dwarf bunt

transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological point of view. The teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores

Diamond back moth

slender, greyish brown with pronounced antennae. The hindwings are narrow, pointed toward the apex. The tips of the wings appear to turn upward slightly when