• Apple collar rot

  brown, irregular lesions occur. In strawberry, the heart leaves wilt first, then the whole plant. Life cycle and appearance of Apple collar rot Phytophthora [...] optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound

• Damping-off

  typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off [...] higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage [...] irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants. Damage symptoms In potato, field [...] or Fusarium wilts. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial wilt, brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist [...] organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical regions and is transferred by the introduction of propagation

• Aphidius ervi

  do not feed on aphids but require only nectar and water to sustain themselves. Life cycle and appearance of Aphidius ervi Aphidius ervi is a very dark aphid [...] that plays a significant role in biological control of aphids . The natural enemy Aphidius ervi has been widely utilized in various agricultural regions [...] ervi is available in a bottle ( Ervipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved from

• Anagyrus vladimiri

  female is about 1.5-2 mm in length and brown, with distinctive black and white banded antennae. The male is 0.8 mm in length and black in colour. Anagyrus vladimiri [...] dual purpose, including nutritional intake and pre-reproductive conditioning. Life cycle and appearance of Anagyrus vladimiri Adults show marked sexual [...] is available in a bottle ( Citripar ). Remove the label from the bottle according to the instructions Hang the bottle in the crop, out of direct sunlight

• Aphidius colemani

  the Braconidae family and is primarily known for its effectiveness in controlling aphid populations in various agricultural and horticultural environments [...] avoid becoming covered in their secretions, the parasite will not readily enter very dense aphid colonies. Life cycle and appearance of Aphidius colemani Female [...] Aphidius colemani is widely used in the biological control of aphids . Aphidius colemani is used for the control of the following pests: Cotton aphid

• Neoseiulus californicus

  Phytoseiulus persimilis in the complete absence of food, remaining in the crop to await the arrival of new prey. Life cycle of Neoseiulus californicus [...] for other members of the Phytoseiidae family: egg, larva, proto- and deutonymph, and adult males and females. Adult mites are lighter and have a flatter more [...] white in colour and are deposited on the underside of the leaves. They are smaller than those of Phytoseiulus persimilis but similar to eggs of other predatory

• Integrated Pest Management

  effects on both crops and the environment. Beneficial insects and biological control One of the key aspects of IPM is harnessing the power of natural enemies [...] trapping more effective. Crop rotation and soil health In agriculture, crop rotation disrupts the life cycle of pests and can reduce the need for chemical [...] pests in agriculture, helping to protect crops naturally. Monitoring and trapping Crop monitoring and scouting is the systematic observation of crops

• Diglyphus isaea

  is available in a bottle ( Miglyphus ). Release parasitic wasps between the leaves of the crop in the morning or in the evening The dosage of the parasitic [...] nectar and honeydew. Life cycle and appearance of Diglyphus isaea Because Diglyphus isaea is an ectoparasite, all instars (egg, larva, pupa and adult) [...] between 15°C and 25°C (59 and 77°F). Behaviour of the parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea Diglyphus isaea is a parasitoid wasp renowned for its role in controlling

• Phytoseiulus persimilis

  natural enemy of Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and has been used in many crops worldwide, mainly in greenhouses, but also in outdoor crops [...] agent used commercially in greenhouses and Koppert’s very first product in 1967. It is a specialist predator of spider mites and can control spider mite [...] protonymph and then start to feed on spider mites. The quantity of prey consumed depends on the predator and prey populations, the sex and age of the predator