• Pollination checklist tomato

  germination capacity of the pollen decreases, potentially resulting in problems with fruit setting. The bumblebees will still collect pollen, and leave bite marks [...] bumblebees stop flying. From the moment, the bumblebees will occupy themselves with cooling the hive until the temperature drops below 32 degrees Celsius again [...] provided by the crop, a crate, or other screening methods. During periods with extreme temperatures, extra measures will be required such as active cooling

• Fall Armyworm

  rapidly. Adults fly by night, and are attracted to lights, especially those with a strong ultra-violet component. Damage symptoms The developing larvae eat [...] sawdust-like frass near the funnel and upper leaves can be an easily spotted sign of larval feeding. After feeding, the leaves appear ragged or torn (similar

• American serpentine leaf miner

  Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, [...] except with ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage [...] before pupating, the grown larva cuts a sickle-shaped exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf

• Tomato leaf miner

  Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, [...] except with ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage [...] before pupating, the grown larva cuts a sickle-shaped exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  mildews, sporangia often germinate directly and the germ tubes infect the plants either through the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For [...] required. Inside the plant, the pathogens produce haustoria, small organs with which the pathogen can take up nutrients from the living plant cells. The [...] prevent Downey mildew Choose resistant cultivars Use a wide crop rotation with non-host crops Prevent a humid microclimate. Achieve this by lowering crop

• Blight of pepper

  Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot [...] overwintering spores), sporangia (special structures which can either germinate directly or produce zoospores), chlamydospores (thick-walled mycelium cells which [...] and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia are formed that protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection

• Charcoal rot

  microsclerotia in the soil is directly related to disease incidence. Within 24 hours the fungus infects the roots of the host by direct penetration via germ tubes [...] prevent Charcoal rot Plant in fields with no history of the disease Use disease-free planting material Rotate with non-host crops to reduce inoculum in [...] in the soil Minimize plant stress with optimal irrigation and fertilization regimes Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience

• Spider mites and other mites

  small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye and only have four legs. Tarsonemid mites cannot also not be seen with the naked eye but have eight legs [...] which can be confused with damage caused by plant viruses. This appears as a bronze or reddish-brown discoloration of the leaves, with the affected areas [...] this activity by seeking out mite hotspots and reducing outbreaks quickly. With Koppert’s biological solutions for spider mites and other mites, professional

• Apple collar rot

  Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot [...] system and black discolouration of the roots. On the foot, dark brown lesions with sharp borders occur. Above the graft and on leaves, dark brown, irregular [...] overwintering spores), sporangia (special structures which can either germinate directly or produce zoospores), chlamydospores (thick-walled mycelium cells which

• Phytophthora blight

  causes water-soaked lesions with vague borders and white fluffy fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem [...] Zoospores are spores with flagellae which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot [...] overwintering spores), sporangia (special structures which can either germinate directly or produce zoospores), chlamydospores (thick-walled mycelium cells which