Knowing & recognizing

interaction between pests, diseases and their natural enemies. It explains how they spread in the crop, the damage they can cause, and specific behavioural cha [...] knowledge company The use of biological control is not a simple process, it has become a complex system in which many aspects need to be considered. The [...] empowers you with knowledge about the pest’s lifecycle and its many phases, as well as giving you the ability to recognize the pest or disease you are up against

Dwarf bunt

controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as well as dwarf bunt [...] contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to [...] teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil without

Apple scab

overwinters in the form of unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter [...] parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new pseudothecia in leaves that have already fallen off the trees. In response to the infection [...] mechanism is to produce corky rings around the lesions to prevent further invasion of tissue by the fungus. Late fruit infection only results in small dark

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical [...] which makes it more dangerous in temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades [...] solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range

Amazone Plants continues the path of organic cultivation

plants. In the end, everything more or less turned out fine – the plants in 12 cm pots were sold in 14 cm pots in the summer, and the plants in 14 cm pots [...] such as Mycotal, twice a year, in the spring and in the autumn. Wim van der Meer explains, ‘Koppert is involved in a trial in which we are investigating whether [...] there is always a strong population in the greenhouse crop and control of the thrips is maintained at the right level. The method works fine in this automated

Black leg of seedlings

survive very well in the soil or substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent Black [...] Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth. Seedlings fall over (‘ damping-off ’). In slightly older plants [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress

Damping-off

aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings [...] survive very well in the soil or substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress

Tea

Tea bush is sub-tropical and tropical plant grows well in hot and humid climate. The ideal temperature for growth is 20-30 0 C. It requires well distributed [...] . Tea plant is an economically important plantation crop extensively cultivated in the hills of North-eastern and Southern states. Tea is native of China [...] lasiocalyx (Indo China or cambod type). Tea is a dried leaf of a bush and contains theine. Tea beverage produced in freshly boiled water having leaves and leaf

Pierce's disease of grapevine

depends on the plant species: in peach, bacteria are found in high numbers in the roots, whereas in plum, high numbers are found in leaves and fruits. The bacteria [...] die. This happens faster in younger vines than in older ones and faster in susceptible cultivars (within 2-3 years) than in more tolerant cultivars, which [...] bacterial levels in the leaves to neighbouring peach trees with the bacteria mainly in the roots is much more successful than the other way around. In general,

Cottony cushion scale

countries of the world. It is also periodically discovered in greenhouses in temperate regions, but is not generally a pest in these situations. Damage symptoms [...] cushion scale, Icerya purchasi , is considered to have originated in Australia. It was accidentally introduced to California in about 1868 and devastated the [...] ornamental shrubs and trees. Damage is mostly caused by sap depletion; the shoots dry up and die, and defoliation occurs. In addition, the copious quantities