• Apple collar rot

  wetness is required. Dispersal by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water [...] are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also [...] Apple collar rot Phytophthora species are very destructive organisms belonging to the Oomycetes and are therefore strictly speaking not fungi. They thrive at

• Wheat bunt

  tritici and Tilletia laevis are hard to distinguish from infected plants before head emergence, although affected plants may be slightly stunted. Infected (bunted) [...] teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels [...] correlated to temperature and precipitation in the first 11 days after sowing, with maximum disease incidence at an average temperature of around 6 to 7 °C during

• Black rot of carrots

  infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, in the case of black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) up to 8 years. Damage symptoms Black rot [...] infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot disease can spread to the flowers (especially [...] A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid high RH. Prevent plant diseases

• Apple scab

  fall off prematurely. The plants’ defence mechanism is to produce corky rings around the lesions to prevent further invasion of tissue by the fungus. Late [...] build. This system warns growers about conducive periods and when they are to be expected. Ascospores are released at heavy rainfall. They germinate between [...] temperatures this increases to 12-28 hours of leaf wetness for successful infection. Conidia also need water for germination. How to prevent Apple scab Use

• Enermix

  should be repeated at least 3 times at weekly intervals or until control is achieved. Depending on the specific situation, it may be better to switch to [...] whiteflies may be insufficient. For optimal performance of Eretmocerus eremicus the 24 hour average greenhouse temperature needs to be at least 20°C/68°F [...] inside the greenhouse Bend and tear off the strips opposite to the mounting hole Make sure not to touch the pupae during handling Suspend the cards in the

• Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

  venom gland with it. How to prevent bumblebee stings? Bumblebees rarely sting. The chance of being stung by a bumblebee can be reduced by avoiding provoking [...] possible after being stung, the person should take an anti-inflammatory (such as aspirin or ibuprofen). Cold compresses should also be applied to the site. [...] the patient should be taken to hospital immediately, because this can result in blocked airways. At the hospital, the patient will be given corticosteroids

• The journey of sustainable citrus farming in agriculture

  only proven to be successful but also reduced the reliance on chemical pesticides. The path to environmental friendly farming Dedicated to sustainable [...] Get to know Balbino Garre Martínez, a grower with over 35 years of experience in citrus and livestock farming. Balbino, along with his two brothers, operates [...] where agriculture isn't just a profession but a lifelong passion. Adapting to challenges and embracing change Balbino's agricultural journey hasn't been

• Aphidius ervi

  Ervipar depends on climate, crop and aphid density and should always be adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction preventively soon after [...] internal tissues. They use their mouthparts to puncture the aphid and consume its bodily fluids, ultimately leading to the host's demise. In environments where [...] even pursue the aphid to parasitize. Because of this, the disturbance of aphid colonies can have a serious impact. The aphids can be spread through the crop

• Pollination checklist outdoor

  may be visited by bumblebees in addition to the target crop. You should therefore mow or cut down any flowering weeds in and around the area to be pollinated [...] positioning, wait 30 minutes before opening the little doors to give the bumblebees to time to become calm again. Transportation and shaking movements can [...] crop immediately after delivery, or a maximum of one day later, to allow the bumblebees to gather food. Position the hives evenly throughout the plot for

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  Spread from plant to plant results from bacteria moving from the roots of infected plants to neighbouring plants. The bacteria can also be transported by [...] conditions are more favourable. This makes it more difficult to recognize infected fields. How to prevent Bacterial wilt, brown rot Use disease free propagation [...] help the bacteria to infect the crop Do not use cut potatoes for propagation, since cutting tubers can increase disease incidence with up to 250% Quarantine