• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens [...] plant, the pathogens produce haustoria, small organs with which the pathogen can take up nutrients from the living plant cells. The pathogens continue to grow [...] the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. How to prevent Downey mildew Choose resistant cultivars Use a wide crop rotation

• Cottony cushion scale

  pest of citrus, Acacia spp ., Casuarina spp . and Pittosporum spp ., but it can damage many types of fruit and forest trees, and ornamental shrubs and trees [...] cushion scales have black limbs and an orange-brown body that is coated with white and yellow wax. The adult ‘females’ are easily recognized by their large [...] size (up to 10 mm long), red-brown body colour and covering of granular, white wax. The legs, antennae and body hairs are conspicuously black. The nymphs

• Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

  prey on all stages of mealybugs equally. Adult ladybirds are good fliers and can disperse over a large area in search of prey. Although Cryptolaemus montrouzieri [...] mealybugs. Once the supply of mealybugs becomes inadequate, the ladybirds fly off in search of new prey. Sometimes the larvae resort to cannibalism under [...] ceases at temperatures below 9°C. Life cycle of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri You can recognize the different life stages of the predatory beetle Cryptolaemus

• Pollination checklist tomato

  of tomato crops. Koppert's Pollination Checklist indicates how the best pollination results can be achieved. Download Poster During pollination, a bumblebee [...] activity level gradually drops. At higher temperatures, the bumblebees stop flying. From the moment, the bumblebees will occupy themselves with cooling the [...] sufficient healthy flowers form the basis for good pollination. Various factors can disturb the health of the plant and thus also reduce the number of healthy

• Angular leaf spot

  bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate changes to a white film when it dries. Lesions may merge as they grow and later also become [...] are the most important, but also all types of vascular tissue of the crown can be infected, creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection [...] crop in new transplants. This bacterium is very resistant to desiccation and can survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not independantly in

• Beetles

  species are very capable fliers but others cannot fly at all. Beetle damage Both larvae and adults of beetles can cause damage to crops. The larvae of some species [...] Biological control of beetles Beetles can cause serious damage in many greenhouse and field crops by feeding on leaves, roots, or fruits, leading to reduced [...] s. With Koppert’s biological solutions for beetles, professional growers can achieve reliable pest management, protect crop quality and support sustainable

• Dwarf bunt

  of low soil temperatures. How to prevent Dwarf bunt Use resistant cultivars. However, the fungi may form new isolates that can break resistance Use clean [...] pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as well as dwarf bunt. Damage symptoms Tilletia [...] e of the other mating type so that H-shaped structures are formed. These can germinate directly or form secondary sporidia. These sporidia infect the wheat

• Phytophthora blight

  infestans f.sp. infestans ) causes water-soaked lesions with vague borders and white fluffy fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green [...] usually circling the stem. On potato tubers, blueish lesions appear, that can be seen through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation [...] oospores (sexual overwintering spores), sporangia (special structures which can either germinate directly or produce zoospores), chlamydospores (thick-walled

• Whitefly

  expelling large quantities. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the [...] result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and drop. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a [...] . With Koppert’s biological solutions for whitefly, professional growers can maintain effective pest management, safeguard crop health and support sustainable

• Green peach aphid

  they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless green peach aphids (Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) may be green, white-green, light [...] persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can transmit at least 100 different viruses and is thus rightfully feared by many [...] photosynthesis in the leaves is reduced, affecting production. The aphid’s saliva can induce strong “allergic” reactions such as malformations of the growing tips