• Phytophthora blight

  tomato, potato blight and late / early blight of potato. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers [...] a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s. Life cycle and appearance of Phytophthora [...] optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering

• Black leg of seedlings

  symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings [...] temperatures and causes among others cereal diseases. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth [...] irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or

• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  appearance of Pierce's disease of grapevine The bacteria live in xylem vessels in roots, stems and leaves and multiply. The plant may react by producing gum [...] die. This happens faster in younger vines than in older ones and faster in susceptible cultivars (within 2-3 years) than in more tolerant cultivars, which [...] the plant species: in peach, bacteria are found in high numbers in the roots, whereas in plum, high numbers are found in leaves and fruits. The bacteria

• Damping-off

  higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage [...] irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or [...] typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  drainage Apply nitrogen in the form of nitrate instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and during post-harvest storage and enhance wound healing [...] fusarium head blight in cereals, such as wheat (fusarium head blight wheat) and post-harvest decay. Life cycle and appearance of Fusarium head blight or [...] ascospores. In general, most Fusarium specieshave a similar life cycle. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants

• Pomegranate wilt complex

  plants show yellowing in some branches or twigs followed by drooping and drying of leaves and branches. The entire tree dies in few months. Dark greyish brown [...] colouration of wood below bark and vascular discoloured bands in the stem and roots. Disease cycle The fungus survives for more than 7 years in infected plant [...] Mix Veni GoKlean at the rate 2 to 3 ml per litre of water and drench 20 to 25 litre of solution per tree to the root zone by making the ring around the tree

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns [...] microclimate. Achieve this by lowering crop density, good aeration during propagation and maintaining a warm and dry climate in greenhouses. Use hygiene [...] grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding from the stomata. Life cycle and appearance of Downy mildew Pathogens causing downy mildew

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical regions and is transferred by the introduction of propagation materials (seed potatoes, cuttings of ornamentals [...] soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants. Damage symptoms In potato, field [...] cycle and appearance of Bacterial wilt, brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  destruction of the root system and subsequent loss of vigour and further wilting. Life cycle and appearance of Brown root rot, corky root rot Pyrenochaeta l [...] survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots of tomato [...] tomatoes and aubergine. It causes brown root rot and corky root rot. Damage symptoms The first signs of this disease, are poorly looking plants in localized

• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods (pea leaf spot and pea pod spot). Damage symptoms Ascochyta pisi causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of [...] areas. Life cycle and appearance of Pea blight, leaf and pod spot Ascochyta pisi hardly survives in the soil or on crop residues because of its poor saprophytic [...] The spots on leaves and pods are round, on the stems they are more elongated. The lesions are light brown, sunken and surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown