• Cotton bollworm

  January 1, 1970

  sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) are highly polyphagous, feeding on crops such [...] Life cycle and appearance of Cotton bollworm Eggs are deposited individually on young shoots near buds, flowers, fruits or on leaves. They are almost spherical [...] the head is mottled, and the body is marked with three prominent longitudinal dark bands with numerous lighter coloured wavy lines. The colour of the older

• Southern blight

  January 1, 1970

  affected plants present girdling of the stem, which causes wilting of the upper part, necrosis, loss of leaves, and death of the plant. Symptoms begin with [...] tissues and softening of the stem, cotyledons, and roots. The main damage caused by damping-off is reduction of the stand, meaning it is very often necessary [...] appearance of southern blight The fungus Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii is characterized by the production of vigorous mycelium. When the mycelium is young it

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  January 1, 1970

  structures are protruding from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. How to [...] They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth [...] growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding from the stomata. Life cycle

• Cottony cushion scale

  January 1, 1970

  through most of the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. It is also periodically discovered in greenhouses in temperate regions, but is not generally [...] Cottony cushion scale is a particular pest of citrus, Acacia spp ., Casuarina spp . and Pittosporum spp ., but it can damage many types of fruit and forest [...] hair-like, transparent rods of wax from the body. On reaching maturity, the ‘female’ produces a white, fluted, wax ovisac with a series of uniform ridges running

• Bugs

  January 1, 1970

  The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage and deformed growth as a result of toxic substances that they [...] Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation [...] and yield loss. Effective bug control is key to maintaining healthy, high-quality crops. Biological control of bugs combines targeted monitoring and natural

• Red palm weevil

  January 1, 1970

  symptoms It is very difficult to recognize the first signs of red palm weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ) presence and only later stages of attack are [...] Due to the specific morphology of the palms, direct or indirect destruction of the apical bud will lead to the death of the plant, which makes the red [...] larvae migrate to the periphery of the palms to build a solid elongated cocoon made of rolled-up palm fibres. After the cocoon is formed the larva enters a pre-pupal

• Fusarium wilt

  January 1, 1970

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots [...] Prevent stress for the plants Ensure there is adequate soil drainage Apply nitrogen in the form of nitrate instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest

• Thrips

  January 1, 1970

  brown. The vigour of the plant is also reduced by loss of chlorophyll. With a serious infestation the leaves themselves can shrivel, and there can be varying [...] transmission of viruses, the best known of which is tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), mainly transmitted by F. occidentalis. Life cycle of thrips Thrips [...] ‘fringed wings’, and refers to the eyelash-like fringe of hairs along both edges of the thin wings. There are more than 6,000 known species. Most are harmless

• La Hacienda Fresh increases crop profitability thanks to biological control

  January 1, 1970

  the number of productive weeks and, therefore, in the profitability of the business. The implementation of a biological control program is one of the key [...] quality of fruit for export, since it is produced in safer conditions." Importance of bell pepper cultivation in Mexico The profitability of a crop is based [...] manager, the release of natural enemies of these pests and the reduction of agrochemical applications have had a positive impact on their crops. "Koppert

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  January 1, 1970

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse [...] Prevent stress for the plants Ensure there is adequate soil drainage Apply nitrogen in the form of nitrate instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest