Damping-off

later the plants wilt irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border [...] damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow the disease to spread to neighbouring plants. The zoospores disperse [...] absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent Damping-off Use resistant cultivars or graft on tolerant

Fusarium head blight or scab

the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse [...] and enhance wound healing after harvest, depending on the crop Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience. [...] The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum. On the infected

Apple collar rot

black discolouration of the roots. On the foot, dark brown lesions with sharp borders occur. Above the graft and on leaves, dark brown, irregular lesions [...] germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type [...] sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal by wind and rain causes

Blight of pepper

cause root- and crown rot in potted plants. The small roots die and brown-black lesions occur on the larger roots. Plants wilt and the crown leaves drop off [...] germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type [...] sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes

Grape powdery mildew

Whitish powdery patches on the affected plant parts. All the above ground plant parts are susceptible to infection. Powdery growth on both the surface of the [...] mycelium and conidia in infected shoots and buds spread through air from plant to plant. Warm temperature with enough humidity and cloudy weather are favourable

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

symptoms Ascochyta pisi causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of peas. The spots on leaves and pods are round, on the stems they are more elongated. The [...] General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods [...] years with non-host crops Bury or remove crop debris Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

Dwarf bunt

remain green longer than healthy heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger [...] Additionally, plants only reach a fraction of their normal height. Spikes are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with [...] before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and eventually grow inside the kernels.

Oleander aphid

principal host plant, oleander. Damage symptoms The colonies of bright yellow aphids can easily be seen on the shoots of the host plants. The damage caused [...] of several important ornamental plants in the families Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. It is commonly found feeding on oleander and milkweeds ( Asclepias [...] mould that grows on the honeydew. Growing tips can be deformed. Repeated heavy infestation throughout the year can lead to stunted plant growth. Life cycle

Amblyseius swirskii

Amblyseius swirskii preys on several other small organisms such as spider mites and tarsonemid mites. They can also feed on pollen, which is useful for [...] relative humidity below 60%. In tomato, use of Amblyseius swirskii is not recommended as it is hindered by the glandular hairs on the stems and leaves and does [...] cap to open the dosage hole Sprinkle material on leaves or pour into Diboxes Make sure the material remains on the introduction site for at least a few hours

Spider mites and other mites

Larvae, nymphs and adults cause damage to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells [...] other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf discoloration, reduced photosynthesis and lower [...] contents. The empty dead cells become yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction