• Spidex Vital lives up to its promises

  have been released and they get right down to doing their job.’ A tense moment Sjaak van Dijk switched over to Spidex Vital at the start of February. ‘I [...] can cause real problems in this type of crop, an even better beneficial is always welcome. That was the reason for me to try the new product.’ Pest control [...] cucumbers. The ability of Spidex Vital to tackle spider mites and hot-spots effectively brings a sense of calm to the farm.’ He states that the weather

• Tea

  were C. assamica (Assam jats), C. sinensis (China jats) and their natural hybrid, C. assamica subspecies lasiocalyx (Indo China or cambod type). Tea is [...] climate. The ideal temperature for growth is 20-30 0 C. It requires well distributed rainfall from 150 to 300cm throughout the year. Tea plantation is shade [...] Tea belongs to the genus Camellia and family Camelliaceae. Tea plant is an economically important plantation crop extensively cultivated in the hills of

• Wheat bunt

  correlated to temperature and precipitation in the first 11 days after sowing, with maximum disease incidence at an average temperature of around 6 to 7 °C during [...] teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores, also called primary sporidium. Two mating types are distinguished. The filiform b [...] teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels

• Black sigatoka disease

  three days under optimal conditions (humidity close to saturation and temperature above 20 °C). How to prevent Black sigatoka disease Use resistant cultivars [...] spots or streaks on leaves of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size and [...] longer distances, the conidia are splash-dispersed within the crop. Both types of spores cause the exact same symptoms. They enter the leaf through the

• Dwarf bunt

  for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks for germination. The seedlings are infected after emergence; the two- to three-leaf stage plants [...] teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores, also called primary sporidium. Two mating types are distinguished. The filiform b [...] teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionally, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels

• Black rot of carrots

  Alternaria occurs at temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative humidity (RH) of over 90% [...] infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot disease can spread to the flowers (especially [...] Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid

• Pherodis

  sex pheromone or lure, and need to be used in combination with an insect trap, the type of trap depends on the species to be monitored. The species-specific [...] stored in a freezer (-18°C), and 1 year when stored in a refrigerator (4-6°C). Storage temperature Preferably in a freezer (-18°C), and in any case at t [...] Use Pherodis species-specific pheromones or lures to attract male moths, beetles , mealybugs and flies to traps. Pests Different species of moths , beetles

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  pretty much restricted to potato and tomato. Whereas other races have optimum temperatures of 35-37 °C, the optimum for Race 3 is 27 °C, which makes it more [...] it is tuber-borne. Spread from plant to plant results from bacteria moving from the roots of infected plants to neighbouring plants. The bacteria can [...] conditions are more favourable. This makes it more difficult to recognize infected fields. How to prevent Bacterial wilt, brown rot Use disease free propagation

• Angular leaf spot

  are the most important, but also all types of vascular tissue of the crown can be infected, creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection [...] causes small, water-soaked lesions on the underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is [...] bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate changes to a white film when it dries. Lesions may merge as they grow and later also

• Apple collar rot

  organisms belonging to the Oomycetes and are therefore strictly speaking not fungi. They thrive at soil temperatures between 15 and 23 °C and higher water [...] are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also [...] wetness is required. Dispersal by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water