• Bacterial canker of tomato

  if the crop is old, only the plants in the infected area, with a substantial buffer zone. Replanting can only take place after thorough disinfection has [...] at the foot shows whitish ooze with bacteria in the case of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease is difficult to distinguish from wilting [...] tubers. This discolouration is round, hence the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne

• Damping-off

  brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of D [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in

• Blight of pepper

  which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct [...] containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia are formed that protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or [...] sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil

• Cottony soft rot

  dispersal to neighbouring plants is by mycelial growth. How to prevent Cottony soft rot Practice dry cultivation/be careful with irrigation Use wide plant spacing [...] General Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, also known as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms [...] In the mycelium, big, dark sclerotia are formed. They can easily be seen with the naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur on stems

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish it from [...] warmer regions. Different races are distinguished with a differing, but overlapping host-range. Race 3 is pretty much restricted to potato and tomato. Whereas [...] irrigation water. Disease incidence is highest when soil moisture is high, such as during rainy periods. When temperature is low, infection may remain latent

• Black leg of seedlings

  brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] seedlings Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real fungus. It survives as oospores, resting spores which

• Charcoal rot

  In field crops in temperate regions it is therefore not a problem. How to prevent Charcoal rot Plant in fields with no history of the disease Use disease-free [...] disease-free planting material Rotate with non-host crops to reduce inoculum in the soil Minimize plant stress with optimal irrigation and fertilization regimes [...] General Macrophomina phaseolina is a common soil fungus in warmer regions, causing charcoal rot. It has a very wide range of host crops, many of which

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place [...] overwinters as chlamydospores and ascospores in crop residues. Primary infection is from this inoculum or from infected seed. Infected seed doesn’t germinate

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around 15 o C and the closer the temperature is to this, the shorter [...] underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding [...] shorter the leaf wetness period that is required. Inside the plant, the pathogens produce haustoria, small organs with which the pathogen can take up nutrients

• Amazone Plants continues the path of organic cultivation

  protection is an additional pillar that supports this position. ‘This type of plant protection is a godsend for us.’ Amazone Plants was established in 2010 [...] longer period. This means that there is always a strong population in the greenhouse crop and control of the thrips is maintained at the right level. The [...] will be a success.’ Biological plant protection is so much better Amazone Plants controls aphids with a combination of the Aphipar parasitic wasp and the