• Grapevine powdery mildew

  unlike most other grapevine pathogens, it does not require free water (such as rain or dew) to infect, making it a persistent threat throughout the entire [...] resulting in loose, misshapen bunches Reduced yield potential Berry symptoms High susceptibility from fruit set until veraison White to grey powdery fungal [...] through two primary mechanisms: as dormant mycelium within infected buds or as chasmothecia (sexual fruiting bodies) attached in the bark crevices and

• Southern blight

  predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas, where conditions of high humidity and high temperature followed by periods of drought predominate. It was first [...] occur during germination or establishment of the plant (seedling phase), due to the occurrence of fungi inhabiting the soil, or associated with the seeds [...] asexual and there are no spores, forming dark brown or black sclerotia which are rounded, irregular, or compact. The sclerotia have a resistance structure

• Verticillium wilt

  mycelium or the microsclerotia are formed. The spread of the fungus by mycelium growth is limited. Dispersal from plant to plant takes place via water, soil [...] Start with clean soil or substrate by heating it at a temperature if at least 65 o C for a minimum of 30 minutes Use clean seed, tubers or cuttings Grow less [...] the stalk horizontally reveals a slight discolouration of the vessels, brown or greenish, but much less distinct than the discolouration caused by Fusarium

• Tutasan

  trap Add a small quantity of vegetable oil or liquid soap to the water Application Place the traps on the soil or substrate Maintain a distance of 15-20 metre [...] the trap Fill the trap with water to the level indicated If possible connect the trap to a dripper and make sure the water drips properly into the trap [...] pheromone which lures the male moths to the trap where they get trapped in the water. Trapping males reduces the amount of eggs laid by females who fail to mate

• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  In plums, the first symptoms are irregular chlorosis or browning of leaves along the margin or the tip from early to midsummer. The necrotic area spreads [...] the plant species: in peach, bacteria are found in high numbers in the roots, whereas in plum, high numbers are found in leaves and fruits. The bacteria [...] vectors by using netting or applying insecticides Remove wild host plants and weeds to reduce the source of inoculum Use hot water treatment of dormant cuttings

• Pomegranate wilt complex

  associated with fungi. Symptoms Affected plants show yellowing in some branches or twigs followed by drooping and drying of leaves and branches. The entire tree [...] operations. Management Mix Veni GoKlean at the rate 2 to 3 ml per litre of water and drench 20 to 25 litre of solution per tree to the root zone by making [...] for three times at weekly intervals. Mix 10gm Vici Routz SP in 10 liter of water and drench to the root zone per tree 12 days after final drenching of Veni

• Green potted plants

  succulent plants or at times as water storage plants, are plants with thick and fleshy parts that serve to retain water in arid climates or dry soils.

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  infect the plants either through the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum [...] to Pythium and Phytophthora. They survive as oospores. From these oospores or surviving mycelium sporangia are formed, structures in which zoospores are [...] hygiene measures. Start clean, remove crop residues and prevent splashing water. Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience

• Aphidius ervi

  available in a bottle ( Ervipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved from its i [...] during the period when aphid infestation is expected. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy [...] management . Adult wasps do not feed on aphids but require only nectar and water to sustain themselves. Life cycle and appearance of Aphidius ervi Aphidius

• Fusarium wilt

  mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place [...] at the root tip or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. How to prevent Fusarium wilt Remove or destroy crop residues [...] treated effectively with hot water) Use clean substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent stress