Dwarf bunt

sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt [...] on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil without suitable host for

Black rot of carrots

spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves

Onion thrips

prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. [...] inserted into the plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are light to yellowish green in colour, with a large head and bright red eyes. The colour of [...] other sheltered places. The prepupal and pupal instars can be recognized by their developing wing buds. Compared with the prepupa, the pupa has longer, more

Green peach aphid

from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia, where its winter-hardy host plant, the peach tree, is native, however it is now a pest with a world-wide [...] different families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases

Pomegranate wilt complex

GoKlean at the rate 2 to 3 ml per litre of water and drench 20 to 25 litre of solution per tree to the root zone by making the ring around the tree for three [...] discoloured bands in the stem and roots. Disease cycle The fungus survives for more than 7 years in infected plant debris and soil. The pathogen spreads through [...] associated with fungi. Symptoms Affected plants show yellowing in some branches or twigs followed by drooping and drying of leaves and branches. The entire

Tutasan

Preparation Place the pheromone dispenser in the green canister and attach it to the upper central part of the trap Fill the trap with water to the level indicated [...] species-specific pheromone which lures the male moths to the trap where they get trapped in the water. Trapping males reduces the amount of eggs laid by females [...] connect the trap to a dripper and make sure the water drips properly into the trap Add a small quantity of vegetable oil or liquid soap to the water A

Pherodis

combination with an insect trap, the type of trap depends on the species to be monitored. The species-specific sex pheromone lures males of the target pest [...] both sexes of the target species. Presentation Aluminium sachet with pheromone/lure dispenser. Preparation Collect the sachets containing the pheromone dispensers [...] from the cold store and open the sachets Do not touch the dispenser, since manual contact can spread pheromones to other areas Application Place the dispenser

Deltatrap

sticky insert at the bottom of the trap, with the sticky surface facing upwards Fold both edges at the base of the triangle upwards Place the Pherodis capsule [...] capsule in the middle of the sticky insert at the bottom of the trap Application Hang the traps approximately 10 cm above the crop in a location where they [...] cific sex pheromone which lures the males of the particular pest into the trap. Once in the trap they get stuck in the glue and are easy to detect, count

Grape powdery mildew

patches on the affected plant parts. All the above ground plant parts are susceptible to infection. Powdery growth on both the surface of the leaves. Affected [...] shred and rarely ripe. No fruit formation if the infection occurs early. Disease cycle Powdery growth of the fungus consists of mycelium, conidiophores and [...] from plant to plant. Warm temperature with enough humidity and cloudy weather are favourable conditions for the pathogen severity. Management Sanitation

Cottony cushion scale

months. After leaving the egg sac, the crawlers settle along the midribs and veins of the leaves. The next two instars migrate to the larger twigs and branches [...] depletion; the shoots dry up and die, and defoliation occurs. In addition, the copious quantities of honeydew produced by the scales coat the leaves, blocking [...] blocking the stomata and impeding gas exchange. Sooty moulds grow on the honeydew, blocking the light from the leaves and reducing photosynthesis. Also