Dwarf bunt
controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as well as dwarf bunt [...] may survive in soil without suitable host for as long as ten years. Seed-borne transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological point [...] on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at harvest