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between 8 and 32 °C, but the fungus prefers low temperatures. Therefore, optimal temperatures for disease development lie between 15 and 20 °C.…
sambucinum can enter. The optimum temperature for infection is 10-20°C, and 15-20°C for the development of rot. Damage symptoms of Fusarium spp…
fruiting bodies occur more commonly at temperatures of approximately 20 °C whereas at 10 °C the lesions are light-brown. The lesions can be enclosed…
under optimal conditions (humidity close to saturation and temperature above 20 °C). Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first…
sexual stage. Ascochyta fungi develop most rapidly at temperatures below 20 °C and the spores require water for dispersal. Damage symptoms Ascochyta…
actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination with high…
inoculum Use hot water treatment of dormant cuttings (20 minutes at 50 °C or 180 minutes at 45 °C) Prune diseased branches or whole trees to remove…
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