seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot…
Venturia inaequalis overwinters in the form of unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies,…
Primary infection is purely seed-borne. Conidia and other fungal structures are transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infectio…
and form a secondary source of infection. They are dispersed by rain, irrigation water or handling of the plants. Infection of the plants happens both…
species, but in general the risk of Alternaria infection is larger under quite warm and humid conditions. Infection may take place within a few hours,…
the infection to occur. The pathogen infects large number of wild hosts along with cultivated crops. Management Sanitation and removal of infected…
temperature is low, infection may remain latent until conditions are more favourable. This makes it more difficult to recognize infected fields.…
it is possible that first infection is from the propagation material. Infection also takes place via wounds. After infection, galls are formed which…
stomata. After infection, hyphae emerge from the stomata and either develop into conidiophores with new conidia or grow across the surface and infect…
overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually…
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