Agrotis spp.) are occurring worldwide. Important species are for instance the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis segetum . The…
secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds (such as Cladosporium spp. and Capnodium spp.) grow on…
cause root- and crown rot in potted plants. The small roots die and brown-black lesions occur on the larger roots. Plants wilt and the crown leaves…
Phytophthora cactorum causes seedling damping off, a reduced root system and black discolouration of the roots. On the foot, dark brown lesions with…
secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating…
kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at harvest and release black, powdery spores, that smell like fish, hence the common name stinking…
a total period of two to three weeks, developing a greyish colour and a black cephalic capsule in the first stage, but later adopting a variety of…
they deposit their eggs. When shaking infested plants, adults will first fly, then return to the underside of the leaves. The adult greenhouse…
effect Trialeurodes vaporariorum pupae parasitized by Encarsia formosa turn black, Bemisia tabaci pupae become brownish. Whitefly pupae parasitized by…
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