spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at harvest…
The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Solution…
at the top of the plant. Nymphs progress through five nymphal instars. Normally apterous (wingless) adults are produced but winged adults occur under
and slimy. Above or below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked
just before the larvae emerge. The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) normally goes through six larval stages, although under certain…
occur in citrus, there is no difference between infected and healthy trees. Normal fruit abortion does not happen so total production remains similar,…
more rapidly when the water content of the soil or substrate is higher than normal or optimal for crop growth. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes…
more rapidly when the water content of the soil or substrate is higher than normal or optimal for crop growth. Damage symptoms Phytophthora cactorum…
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